Computer Hardware
Hardware: when internal & external components and peripherals get connected together then they assemble a computer & these components & peripherals are known as computer hardware.
Computer is an electronic device which accepts data &
manipulates then gives output according to feeding information by the user
that's called computer.
Types of Computers
- Minicomputer: these are used by small businesses & firms. Minicomputers are also called "Midrange Computers". They are designed for special Purposes like cash billing, Ticket Booking & smart system
- Micro Computer: Desktop Computer tablet PC's Smartphones, Calculators are all microcomputers. They are handy & Portable in some cases low capacitive and meant for normal uses.
- Workstation:
These are Specially designed systems meant for special purposes like gaming
well profiled & maintained setup.
- Mainframe:
A large powerful computer that can handle many tasks concurrently and is
usually used commercially mainframes are not as powerful as supercomputers.
Mainframes can also process & store large amounts of data.
- Supercomputer:
These are the most powerful computers made & physically they are some of
the largest. These systems can process huge amounts of data & the fastest
supercomputers can perform more than one trillion calculations per second.
Assembling a computer: we have two option to assemble a PC. We also assemble a computer system with same brand peripherals and also different brands peripherals. And for components we have many choices.
Computer = Peripherals + Components
Components: These reside within the computer's
cabinet, forming the heart and soul of the system.
- Microprocessor
- Hard Disk Drive
- Random Access Memory (RAM)
- Power Supply
- Motherboard
- DVD Writer
- Graphic Card
- Keyboard
- Mouse
- Webcam
- Touchscreen
- Scanner
- Game Controllers
- Graphic Tablet
- Trackball
- Microphone
· Output Devices:
- Monitor
- Printer
- Audio Speaker
- Headphones
- Projector
- GPS
- Sound Card
- Video Card
What is a Monitor?
1.
CRT - (Cathode Ray Tube)
2.
LCD - (Liquid Crystal Display)
3.
LED - (Light Emitting Diode)
4.
TFT - (Thin Film Transistor)
5.
OLED - (Organic Light Emitting Diode)
6.
DLP - (Digital Light Processing)
7.
Plasma Screen Monitors
8.
Touch Screen Monitors
Types of Ports in Monitors
- LAN
- Satellite Antenna
- USB
- HDMI
- Video & Audio Input
- VGA (Video Graphic Array)
- VGA (Video Graphics Array): 15 Pins (only Video)
- DVI (Digital Visual Interface): (24 pins (Video & Audio))
- HDMI (High-Definition Multimedia Interface): 19 pins (HD Video & Audio)
What is UPS (Uninterruptible Power Supply)?
- It is used as power backup when mains off.
- It allows a computer to keep running for at least a short time when the primary power source is lost. It also provides protection from power fluctuation. Thus, we can say that UPS is a device that helps to provide consistent power to computer systems.
- Advantages
of UPS:
- less interruption
- no data loss
- Enhance components health
- good for emergency time
- prevent crash
Motherboard:
- CPU Socket
- RAM Slots
- PCI Slots
- CMOS
- ATX Power
- SATA Slots
- AGP Slots
- Chipset
- North Bridge
- South Bridge
- Sandy Bridge
Microprocessor:
A Microprocessor
is a computer processor where the data processing logic and control is included
on a single integrated circuit, or a small number of integrated circuits. The
microprocessor contains the arithmetic, logic, and control circuitry required
to perform the functions of a computer’s central processing unit.
SMPS
(Switched Mode Power Supply):
· It
is a device used to input power to all components of a motherboard. It contains
different colours wires having different voltage for different components in
CPU cabinet.
An
SMPS is a device that sends power to all parts of a computer's motherboard
using wires of different colours, each carrying a specific voltage for
different components inside the CPU cabinet.
- 4 pin PCB Power
- 20/24 pin ATX
- 15 pin SATA Power
- 6 pin Floppy Power
- 6/8 pin PCI Power
- 4 pin MOLEX
- open our computer CPU cabinet
- takeout SMPS or power supply from the system cabinet
- then short the green wired connector to any black coloured connector.
- Plugin power cable & switch on the SMPS
- if the SMPS fan runs, SMPS is working fine, if not we have to replace it with another SMPS.
CMOS (complementary metal oxide semiconductor) Battery:
- CMOS Battery is used to update Date & Time while the System is off.
- Having connection with RTC (Real Time Clock) & Jumper setting to RESET BIOS.
- CMOS Battery voltage is +3V
To
check NIC/LAN Port is working or not:
- open
CMD prompt
ping 127.0.0.1 is known as a loopback Address
It is used for Testing Lan cards. - ping 127.0.0.1 is known as a loopback Address
It is used for Testing Lan cards. - Using
Network Settings:
Go to Settings > Network & Internet > Status.
Check Connection Status: Look for your Ethernet connection and see if it says "Connected" under the network name. - Using
Device Manager:
Device Manager: Press Windows Key + X and select Device Manager.
Check Network Adapters: Expand the Network adapters section and look for your Ethernet adapter.
Check Status: Right-click on the adapter and select Properties. Check the device status in the General tab.
What
is an Audio Card?
· A
sound card is an internal expansion card that provides input and output
of audio signals to and from a computer under the control of computer programs.
The term sound card is also applied to external audio interfaces used
for professional audio applications.
· A
sound card, whether internal or external, manages audio input and output for a
computer, facilitating control by computer programs and supporting both
standard and professional audio applications.
· Output: Audio jacks.
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